• What are the types of investment funds?
• What are the benefits of investing in funds?
• How to invest in funds?

What is an investment fund? One of the most suitable investment tools for people who do not have enough time and knowledge to invest in the stock market are investment funds. An investment fund, according to its type, is a collection of stocks, bonds and other securities. You can think of it as a company where different people pool their money and invest in a basket of securities.

What are the benefits of mutual funds?

Ease of investment

Investing in funds does not require time and specialized knowledge of the capital market, and all members of society can easily invest in funds. For this purpose, it is enough to apply for ETF funds from your brokerage panel and for non-traded funds through the website of the same fund.

The possibility of investing with little money

Investment funds can be considered a suitable option for investing with little money in the capital market. You don’t need a lot of money to invest in investment funds, and you will be able to invest in many market funds with 500 thousand tomans.

No need for investment knowledge

You don’t need to be familiar with market analysis methods to invest in funds. A group of experts manages these funds and instead of fund investors, they analyze the conditions and buy and sell various securities.

Diversification of investments in bonds

Funds always have a large number of types of securities under their ownership and their asset portfolio is very diverse. Based on this diversity, the amount of investment risk in funds is different. This diversity makes the risk of investing in the fund to be managed in a favorable way.

Diversification of risk taking

There are different types of investment funds. According to the asset composition of each type of fund, the risk of investing in that fund will also be different. Therefore, people with high risk tolerance, people with medium risk tolerance and risk averse people can all invest in different types of funds.

Achieving the expected return

In the general classification of funds from high risk to low risk, we can refer to fixed income fund, mixed fund and equity fund respectively. Since risk and return have a direct relationship with each other, in fact, as the level of risk tolerance increases, the expected return on investment also increases.

Professional asset management

Investment funds are managed by professionals. Therefore, investors do not need to continuously monitor and analyze the market. In investment funds, risk and return are optimally controlled and asset management is done in a completely professional manner.

Adequate liquidity

Unlike shares, which may be sold in heavy queues and shareholders cannot liquidate their capital, investment funds have high liquidity. Investors of each fund can easily withdraw their capital from the fund and turn it into cash.

Investment fund units

The sum of all investors’ assets forms the fund’s assets. In order to determine each person’s share of this asset and to make it easy to enter and exit the fund, the assets of investment funds are divided into sections called “units” that have a price equivalent to one hundred thousand tomans or a little more.

Each person can buy one or more units of the fund. He can also sell one or more or all of his units when exiting. Therefore, by setting up funds, it is possible for individuals to invest with small amounts. If investors also need cash, they do not need to withdraw all their capital from the fund and can withdraw from it as much as they need without harming the yield.

Types of investment funds from the point of view of buying and selling

Investment funds are divided into two categories in terms of how to invest in them: the first category is based on issuance and cancellation, and the second category is exchange-traded funds (ETF).

To invest in funds based on issuance and cancellation, you can visit one of the branches of the fund of your choice in person, or buy and sell its units online using the fund’s internet portal or using the fund’s dedicated application. pay

But the ETF fund is a fund whose units can be bought and sold through the online trading system of brokerages. These funds can be bought and sold with their corresponding symbol in the trading board like common stock trading.

Types of investment funds

Fixed income fund

Fixed income investment funds provide reasonable returns to their investors with the least possible risk. Managers of these funds allocate the financial resources obtained from the sale of fund units mainly to purchase low-risk securities such as treasury bonds, partnership bonds, and rental bonds so that they can realize an acceptable profit for investors.

index fund

Index funds are created with the aim of following one of the stock market indexes. These funds are trying to make their portfolio similar to that index. For this reason, it can be said that there will be fluctuations similar to that index. These funds have very low management risk and low management costs.

Stock fund

Most of the assets of stock investment funds are invested in the shares of listed companies. Using these funds carries a high risk; Because along with the fluctuations of the stock market, the price of the units of this fund also fluctuates and their yield is more than anything else, affected by the general conditions of the capital market.

Mixed fund

About half of the assets of these funds are invested in fixed income bonds and the other half in stocks. Therefore, the level of risk and return of mixed funds is between fixed income funds and equity funds. These funds combine the advantages of high returns on stocks and the low risk of fixed income bonds.

gold box

Most of the assets of these funds are allocated to investing in securities based on gold coins. The yield of the gold fund is almost the same as the yield of the gold coin, and the risk of investing in it is also high. Currently, there are only 4 gold-based funds in the country, which are: Kian Gold Fund (Gem), Lotus Fund, Zar Fund and Mofid Fund.

charity fund

Charity funds are one of the methods of charity in society. These funds, while maintaining the principle of capital, lead to productive investment and help to develop the capital market as well as the business market in the society. The proceeds of these funds are purposefully spent on the real needy of the society.

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Marketing fund

Market management investment funds are established in order to buy and sell securities, keeping in mind the market management obligations of those securities, in accordance with the fund’s prospectus. The goal of the market maker is to keep the share balanced and prevent the formation of buying and selling queues to push the share price towards its inherent price.

Fund of funds

These funds invest in a mix of equity, fixed income and ETF funds. In other words, buying the units of a fund, investing in the fund, is like investing in several funds at the same time, which, while reducing the risk, also provides the investor with the possibility of obtaining a suitable return.

Financing fund

In order to carry out the desired project within the framework of the statute and in compliance with the regulations, financing funds establish a special joint stock company called “Project Company”, which, after the completion and start of the exploitation phase, becomes a public joint stock company and in It is accepted and tradable on or off the stock exchange.

Which fund should we invest in?

To invest in funds, you must first have knowledge about your emotions. For example, if you are a person with a high risk-taking spirit and you are also looking for high returns, it is better to invest in stock funds. On the other hand, investing in fixed income funds is also suitable for risk-averse people who want fixed income.

To choose the right investment fund, after choosing the type of fund, you should compare the yield, performance, profit distribution interval, and the amount of assets of funds in the same category. For this purpose, visit fipiran.com and select the type of fund you want from the funds tab and compare the funds in the table that appears.

Net asset value ( NAV ) of investment funds

One of the most used terms related to investment funds is NAV or Net Asset Value. A part of the fund’s assets, which is allocated to the shares of companies, goes up and down with the daily fluctuations of the shares. In addition, the dividends distributed by the companies are also added to the fund’s resources. This profit also increases the value of the fund’s assets and the value of the purchased units.

Therefore, each fund’s assets are valued on a daily basis. If we subtract the liabilities of the fund from its assets, the net asset value of the fund is obtained. By dividing this number by the number of fund units, we can get the net value of each unit or NAV. On the website of each fund, three types of NAV are reported daily as follows:

 Issue NAV  :  shows the value of each unit of the fund. In fact, the issue NAV is the amount that has to be paid for the purchase of each unit in the issue and cancellation based funds.

Cancellation NAV  :  It is the amount that is paid to the investor per unit after canceling the investment in funds based on issuance and cancellation.

Statistical NAV  :  In certain circumstances, fund managers can adjust the price of some shares in their investment portfolio. The net asset value reported in this case is called statistical NAV.

How to invest in funds?

When you invest in a fund, you are actually buying investment units of the fund you want. The act of buying investment units in a fund is called “issuance” and the act of selling units is called “cancellation”. The price of issuing and canceling units in investment funds is calculated based on the net value of each investment unit or its NAV.

To start transactions in funds based on issuance and cancellation, it is necessary to first visit the website of your desired fund and obtain the necessary information about how to buy, sell and the rate of return. Then, proceed to issue or cancel the investment units of your desired fund by visiting the fund’s agencies and branches in person and going through the authentication process.
ETF units can be bought and sold in the market like stocks during trading hours. For this, it is necessary to have a stock exchange code. During trading hours of the capital market and by searching for the symbol of your desired fund, you can buy or sell the units of your desired fund in any amount you wish.

What is the price of issuance and cancellation in investment funds?

The price of investment units in non-tradable funds is determined 2-3 working days later. For this reason, when people go to a fund to invest, they ask it to issue a certain number of units. After 3 days pass and the price is determined, the fund issues the units.

Due to the constant change in the price of units, there will be a difference between the amount paid and the amount of purchased units, which the fund will return to the individual’s account. When selling, after submitting a unit sale request, it takes two days for the price of the units to be determined and the investor’s units to be sold or canceled.

Conclusion

ETF investment fund and exchange-traded fund have different buying and selling mechanism. When investing in mutual funds, look at their NAV or Net Asset Value. Fixed income fund, equity fund, mixed fund, index fund, gold fund are all types of investment funds.